Analysis of the Wildlife Roadkill and the Effectiveness of Fauna Protection Structures on the BR-487 Next to the Perobas Biological Reserve, in Southern Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v13i1.2059Keywords:
Protected areas, road ecology, roadkill hotspots, mitigation measuresAbstract
Roadkill can pose a threat to biodiversity. This impact may be greater on roads close to protected areas, due to the greater abundance of animals. The BR-487 highway has an 8 km stretch that borders the Perobas Biological Reserve. To mitigate the negative effects on the animals, fauna protection structures were installed on the highway, including underground passages, fences and reflectors, electronic speed reducers. The objectives of this study were to identify the most affected species, the roadkill hotspots and to evaluate, the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures. The sampling occurred between August 2015 and December 2019. The roadkill record occurred on average three times a week, on a route of approximately 8 km at a maximum speed of 60 km/h. Were run over 263 animals. The mammals represented 42.6% of the roadkill, followed by birds (38%), reptiles (16.2%) and amphibians (3%). The most affected species were hedgehog (Sphiggurus villosus), crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) and tegu (Salvator merianae). For most of the groups
analyzed, the main location for roadkill in the pre- fauna protection structures period was km 1. In the post-fauna protection structures the hotspots started to occur mainly in places with fencing and fauna passage. The data obtained in this study point out the need for adjustments in the fauna protection structures, such as the reduction of the wire mesh fences. In addition, the similarity in the roadkill rates in the pre- and post- fauna protection structures periods, even with the increase in the flow of vehicles, indicate the effectiveness of these structures for fauna protection.
References
Andrews KM, Gibbons JW, Jochimsen DM. Ecological effects of roads on amphibians and reptiles: a literature review In: Mitchell JC, Jung Brown RE, Bartholomew B. Urban Herpetology: Herpetological Conservation, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; 2008; 3: 121-143.
Antworth RL, Pike DA, Stevens EE. Hit and run: effects of scavenging on estimates of roadkilled vertebrates. Southeastern Naturalist. 2005; 4(4): 647-656.
Ascensão F, Clevenger A, Santos-Reis M, Urbano P, Jackson N. Wildlife-vehicle collision mitigation: is partial fencing the answer? An agent-based model approach. Ecol. Model. 2013; 257: 36-43.
Bager A. Repensando as medidas mitigadoras impostas aos empreendimentos viários associados à s unidades de conservação. In: Bager A. (ed.), Áreas Protegidas. Conservação no âmbito do Cone Sul, Pelotas; 2003; 159-172p.
Barthelmess EL, Brooks MS. The influence of body- size and diet on road-kill trends in mammals. Biodivers. Conserv. 2010; 19: 1611-1629.
Becker CG, Fonseca CR, Haddad CFB, Batista RF, Prado PI. Habitat-split and the Global Decline of Amphibians. Science. 2007; 318: 1775-1777.
Decreto de 20 de março de 2006 (Brasil). Cria a Reserva Biológica das Perobas, no Estado do Paraná, e dá outras providências. [Internet] Diário Oficial da União. 2006 mar. 06 [citado 20/05/2019]. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2004- 2006/2006/dnn/Dnn10793.htm.
Braz VDS, França FGR. Wild vertebrate roadkill in the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, Central Brazil. Biota Neotropica. 2016; 16(1).
Brehme CS, Tracey JA, McClenaghan LR, Fisher RN. Permeability of roads to movement of scrubland lizards and small mammals. Conservation Biology. 2013; 27: 710-720.
Cáceres NC, Hannibal W, Freitas DR, Silva EL, Roman C and Casella J. Mammal occurrence and roadkill in two adjacent ecoregions (Atlantic Forest and Cerrado) in southwestern Brazil. Zoologia, 27: 709-717.
Clark RW, Brown WS, Stechert R, Zamudio KR. Roads, interrupted dispersal, and genetic diversity in Timber Rattlesnakes. Conservation Biology. 2010; 24: 1059-1069.
Clevenger AP, Ford AT. Wildlife crossing structures, fencing, and other highway design considerations. In: Beckmann JP, Clevenger AP, Huijser MP, Hilty JA (eds). Safe passages: highways, wildlife, and habitat connectivity. Island Press, Washington. 2010; 17-49.
Coelho AVP, Coelho PI, Kindel A, Teixeira FZ. Siriema: manual do Usuário v1.1. Universidade federal de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul.2011; 23p.
Coelho AVP, Coelho IP, Teixeira FT, Kindel A. Siriema: road mortality software. Manual do Usuário v. 2.0. NERF, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil. 2014; [acesso em: 23/06/2019]. Disponível em: www.ufrgs.br/siriema
Coelho IP, Teixeira FZ, Colombo P, Coelho AVP, Kindel A. Anuran road-kills neighboring a peri-urban reserve in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Journal of Environmental Management. 2012; 112: 17-26.
Cunha HF Da, Moreira FGA, Silva SDS. Roadkill of wild vertebrates along the GO-060 road between Goiânia and Iporá, Goiás State, Brazil. Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences, 2010; 32(3): 257-263.
da Rosa CA, Bager A. Seasonality and habitat types affect roadkill of neotropical birds. J. Environ. Manag. 2012; 97: 1-5.
Dettke GA, Crespão LMP, Siquerolo LV, Siqueira EL, Caxambú MG. Floristic composition of the Seasonal Semideciduous Forest in Southern Brazil: Reserva Biológica das Perobas, State of Paraná. Acta Scientiarum: Biological Sciences. 2018; 40.
Dornas RAP, Kindel A, Bager A, Freitas SR. Avaliação da mortalidade de vertebrados em rodovias no Brasil. In: Bager A. Ecologia de Estradas: Tendências e Pesquisas. Lavras: Editora UFLA. 2012; 139-152.
Eisenberg JF, Redford KH. Mammals of the Neotropics - the Central Neotropics: Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Chicago: University of Chicago; 1999.
Emmons LH, Feer F. Neotropical rainforest mammals: A field guide, Chicago: University of Chicago. 1997.
Fischer WA. Efeitos da BR-262 na mortalidade de vertebrados silvestres: síntese naturalística para a conservação da região do Pantanal/MS [dissertação]. Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul. 1997.
Ford AT, Fahrig L. Diet and body size of North American mammal road mortalities. Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ. 2007; 12: 498-505.
Freitas CH. Atropelamentos de vertebrados nas rodovias MG-428 e SP-334 com análise dos condicionantes e valoração econômica da fauna [tese]. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho. 2009; 85p.
Glista DJ, De Vault TL, De Woody JA. A review of mitigation measures for reducing wildlife mortality on roadways. Landsc Urban Plan. 2009; 91: 1-7.
Goosem M, Izumi Y, Turton S. Efforts to restore habitat connectivity for an upland tropical rainforest fauna: a trial of underpasses below roads. Ecol. Manage. Restor. 2001; 2: 196-202.
Graham K, Boulanger J, Duval J, Stenhouse G. Spatial and temporal use of roads by grizzly bears in west- central Alberta. Ursus., 2010; 21(1): 43-56.
Grilo C, Bissonette J, Santos-Reis M. Spatial-temporal patterns in Mediterranean carnivore road casualties: consequences for mitigation. Biol. Conserv., 2009; 142: 301-313.
Grilo C, Bissonette JA, Cramer PC. Mitigation measures to reduce impacts on biodiversity. In: Jones SR (ed.). Highways: Construction, Management, and Maintenance. 2010; 73-114. USA: Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Retrieved from http://digital., csic.es/ handle/10261/42404
Guimarães PR, Galetti M, Jordano P. Seed dispersal anachronisms: rethinking the fruits extinct megafauna ate. PLoS ONE. 2008; 3(3).
Guinard E, Julliard R, Barbraud C. Motorways and bird traffic casualties: carcasses surveys and scavenging bias. Biol. Conserv. 2012; 147: 40-51.
Gray CL, Hill SL, Newbold T, Hudson LN, Börger L, Contu S, Hoskins JA, Ferrier S, Andy Purvis A, Scharlemann JP. Local biodiversity is higher inside than outside terrestrial protected areas worldwide. Nature Communications. 2016; 7(1): 1-7.
Huijser MP, Mcgowen PT. Reducing Wildlife-Vehicle Collisions. In: Beckmann JP, Clevenger AP, Huijser MP, Hilty, JA (eds.). Safe passages, Island Press, Washington, DC. 2010; 51-74p.
ICMBio. (Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade). Plano de Manejo da Reserva Biológica das Perobas. Encarte 3: Análise de Unidade de Conservação. Brasília. 2012.
Instituto das Águas do Paraná - Águas Paraná. Dados históricos de precipitação. [acesso: 03 de março de 2020]. Disponível em:http://www.sihweb.aguasparana.pr.gov. br/sih-web/gerarRelatorioAlturasMensaisPrecipitacao. do?action=carregarInterfaceInicial.
IUCN. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014. [acesso: 03 de março de 2020] Disponivel em:www. iucnredlist.org.
Iuell B, Bekker H, Cuperus R, Dufek J, Fry G. Wildlife and Traffic: a European Handbook for Identifying Conflicts and Designing Solutions. In: The XXIInd PIARC World Road Congress World Road Association- PIARC. 2003.
Laurance WF, Goosem M, Laurance SGW. Impacts of roads and linear clearings on tropical forests. Tree, 2009; 24(12): 659-699.
Lesbarrères D, Fahrig L. Measures to reduce population fragmentation by roads: what has worked and how do we know? Trends Ecol. Evol. 2012; 27: 374-380.
Machado FS, Fontes MA, Moura AS, Mendes PB, Romao BDS. Roadkill on vertebrates in Brazil: seasonal variation and road type comparison. North-Western Journal of Zoology. 2015; 11(2).
Malo JE, Suárez F, Díez A. Can we mitigate animal- vehicle accidents using predictive models? J. Appl. Ecol. 2004; 41: 701-710.
Melo ES, Santos-Filho M. Efeitos da BR-070 na Província Serrana de Cáceres, Mato Grosso, sobre a comunidade de vertebrados silvestres. Revista Brasileira de Zoociências. 2007; 9(2): 85-192.
Myers P, Espinosa R, Parr CS, Jones T, Hammond GS, Dewey TA. The animal diversity web. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology [internet/. [cited: 2020 september 15]; 2020. Available from:http:// animaldiversity.org.
MMA (Ministério do Meio Ambiente) 2014. Portaria N° 444, de 17 de Dezembro de 2014. Diário Oficial da União. 2014 dez. 17 [citado: 2019 mai. 21]. Disponível em: https://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/images/stories/ docs-plano-de-acao/00-saiba-mais/04_-_PORTARIA_ MMA_N%C2%BA_444_DE_17_DE_DEZ_DE_2014. pdf .
Orlowski G. Roadside hedgerows and trees as factors increasing road mortality of birds: implications for management of roadside vegetation in rural landscapes. Landsc. Urban Plan. 2008; 86: 153-161.
Ortêncio Filho H, Canuto VC. Mamíferos. In: Reserva Biológica das Perobas - Uma Ilha de Biodiversidade no Noroeste do Paraná. 1ed. Curitiba: UFPR/ICMbio. 2015; 40-47p.
Roedenbeck IA, Fahrig L, Findlay CS, Houlahan JE, Jaeger JAG, Klar N, Kramer-Schadt S, Van der Grift EA. The Rauischholzhausen agenda for road ecology. Ecology and Society. 2007; 12(1): 11. [internet]. [citado: 2010 jun. 21] Disponível em: http://www. ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/iss1/art11/
Rosa CA, Cardoso TR, Teixeira FZ, Bager A. Atropelamento de fauna selvagem: Amostragem e análise de dados em ecologia de estradas. In: Bager A (ed.). Ecologia de Estradas: Tendências e pesquisas. Lavras, MG: Editora UFLA; 2012; 79-99p.
Rouse JD, Willson RJ, Black R, Brooks RJ. Movement and spatial dispersion of Sistrurus catenatus and Heterodon platirhinos: Implications for interactions with roads. Copeia. 2011; 3: 443-456.
Rytwinski T, Fahring L. The impacts of roads and traffic on terrestrial animal populations. In: Van Der Ree R, Smith DJ, Grilo C. Handbook of Road Ecology. Oxford:Wiley Blackwell; 2015; 237-246p.
Rytwinski T, Soanes K, Jaeger JA, Fahrig L, Findlay CS, Houlahan J, Van Der Ree R, van der Grift EA. How effective is road mitigation at reducing road-kill? A meta analysis. PLoS one. 2016; 11: 1-25.
Slater FM. An assessment of wildlife road casualties - The potential discrepancy between numbers counted and numbers killed.Web Ecology. 2002; 3: 33-42.
Smith-Patten BD, Patten MA. Diversity, seasonality, and context of mammalian roadkills in the southern Great Plains. Environ. Manag. 2008; 41: 844-852.
Teixeira FZ, Coelho AVP, Esperandio IB, Kindel A. Vertebrate road mortality estimates: effects of sampling methods and carcass removal. Biol. Conserv. 2013; 157: 317-323.
Turci LCB, Bernarde PS. Vertebrados atropelados na rodovia estadual 383 em Rondônia, Brasil. Biotemas. 2009; 22(1): 121-127.
van der Ree R, Gagnon JW, Smith DJ. Fencing: a valuable tool for reducing wildlife-vehicle collisions and funneling fauna to crossing structures. In: van der Ree R, Smith D, Grilo C, (eds.). Handbook of Road Ecology. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons. 2015; 159-171p.
van der Ree R, van der Grift EA, Gulle N, Holland K, Mata C, Suarez F. Overcoming the barrier effect of roads: how effective are mitigation strategies? An international review of the use and effectiveness of underpasses and overpasses designed to increase the permeability of roads for wildlife. In: Irwin CL, Nelson D, McDermott KP (eds.). Proceedings of the International Conference on Ecology and Transportation. Center for Transportation and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh. 2007; 423-431p.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Os autores mantêm os direitos autorais de seus artigos sem restrições, concedendo ao editor direitos de ção não exclusivos.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Os artigos estão licenciados sob uma licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). O acesso é livre e gratuito para download e leitura, ou seja, é permitido copiar e redistribuir o material em qualquer mídia ou formato.
