Zoneamento do risco de incêndio florestal para o Parque Nacional de São Joaquim-SC
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v6i2.442Keywords:
biodiversity, geographic information system, map algebraAbstract
Forest fires are a daily concern of protected areas managers such as in São Joaquim National
Park (SJNP). Situated in the state of Santa Catarina, it protects the largest continuous area of Araucaria
Forest of Brazil, and also includes areas with altitudinal fields and rain forest. The aim of this work was to prepare a forest fire risk zoning by integrating the following variables of influence: land slope, orientation
of slopes, prevailingwinds, vegetation, load of combustible material and human interference consolidated,
using a geographic information system (GIS). The slope and orientation of the slopes were extracted from the
digital terrainmodel (DTM). The prevailing winds were identified from the analysis of monthly meteorological
records and their relations with precipitation, relative humidity and mean air temperature. The vegetation
coverage was obtained through supervised classification of images RapidEye. Load of combustible material
was obtained from bibliographic data, and also by mathematical models. The consolidated human
interference was characterized by the radius of influence (buffers) estimated for the infrastructure. The slope
analysis indicated that 7% of the area is under extreme risk of fires. As for the orientation of the slopes, it
was observed that 32% of the total PNSJ area is ofvery high (face N) and extreme risks (faces NW and W).
In relation to the prevailing winds it was observed that 32% of the total area are influenced by winds with
drier features, indicating extreme risk. Considering the vegetation, 39% of the area were classified as high
risk, very high risk and extreme risk. For the load of combustible material, less than 1% of the area showed
high risk. As the human presence in the region, 8% of the area proved under some kind of influence (ex.
highways, burned areas, houses and recreation areas). A zoning risk of fire was produced by overlapping
thematic maps of the variables - it was concluded that 39% of the area is under high risk, and 7% under
extreme risk. The administration of PNSJ and of other similar areas must monitor these critical areas and
propose measures to prevent the occurrence of fires.
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