Use of prescribed fire in land management, nature conservation and forestry in temperate-boreal Eurasia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v6i2.579Keywords:
biodiversity conservation, cultural pratices, fire management, laud managementAbstract
- Em vastas áreas da Eurásia temperada-boreal, o uso do fogo, com as tradicionais práticas de
corte e queima e outras perturbações associadas ao cultivo da terra, contribuiu para moldar as paisagens
com alta diversidade e valor ecológico e cultural, como as heathlands, campos abertos e prados. Em relação
à biota euro-siberiana oriental, a incidência de fogo por causas naturais contribuiu para moldar florestas
abertas e resilientes, como a floresta de taiga (light taiga). As rápidas mudanças socioeconômicas nas últimas
quatro décadas e as tendências recentes de crescente êxodo rural por toda a Eurásia, no entanto, resultaram
em um abandono das práticas tradicionais de manejo da terra. Com a eliminação destas perturbações
geradas pelo cultivo, incluindo as práticas tradicionais de queima, extensas áreas da Europa estão se tornando
áreas de pousio, um processo associado com sucessão ecológica que leva à cobertura arbustiva ou florestal e
uma perda generalizada de habitats abertos. Junto à perda de valiosa biodiversidade, as terras abandonadas
constituem um aumento no risco de incêndios florestais - tendência que é revelada pelo crescente número
de incêndios catastróficos, extremamente severos. De modo similar, a exclusão do fogo em ecossistemas
naturais tais como as florestas de coníferas ao norte da região boreal e na região sub-boreal na Eurásia
resultou na mudança da composição da vegetação a aumento do risco de incêndios, notavelmente na região
centro-oriental da Eurásia. Mudanças em paradigmas nas áreas de ecologia e conservação da natureza
atualmente têm levado à reconsideração das políticas de exclusão do fogo em certos setores responsáveis
pelo manejo da paisagem e da terra, conservação da natureza e manejo florestal. Este artigo é uma versão
atualizada de "White Paper on Use of Prescribed Fire in Land Management, Nature Conservation and
Forestry in Temperate-Boreal Eurasia" (Goldammer 2009)
References
Agudo, J.; & Montiel, C. 2009. Basis to start the process for a proposal of a new legislation at EU level. Deliverable D7.1-1-3 of the Integrated Project "Fire Paradox", Project FP6-08505. European Commission. 66 p.
Ascoli, D.; Beghin, R.; Ceccato, R.; Gorlier, A.; Lombardi, G.; Lonati, M.; Marzano, R.; Bovio, G. & Cavallero, A. 2009. Developing an adaptive management approach to prescribed burning: a long-term heathland conservation experiment in north-west Italy. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18: 727-735.
Bobbink, R.; Weijters, M.; Nijssen, M.; Vogels, J.; Haveman, R. & Kuiters, L. 2009. Branden als EGMmaatregel. Ede: Directie Kennis, Ministerie LNV (Rapport / DK 2009/dk117-O).
Bonn, S. 2004. Research and development project "Sustainable development of xerothermic slopes of the Middle Rhine Valley, Germany". Int. Forest Fire News, N. 30: 59-62.
Bonn, S.; Albrech, J.; Bylebyl, K.; Driessen, N.; Poschlod, P.; Sander, U. & Veith, M. 2009. Offenlandmanagement mit Panzerketten. Naturschutz und Biologische Vielfalt, 73: 189-205.
Bruce, M. & Servant, G. 2004. Prescribed fire in a Scottish pinewood: a summary of recent research at Glen Tanar Estate, Aberdeenshire. Int. Forest Fire News, N. 30: 84-93. Brunn, E. 2009. Feuermanagement auf Truppenübungsplätzen in Brandenburg. Naturschutz und Biologische Vielfalt, 73: 165-178.
Byambasuren, O. & Goldammer, J.G. 2013. Forest and steppe fires in Mongolia. 233-278. In: Prescribed Burning in Russia and Neighbouring Temperate-Boreal Eurasia (J.G. Goldammer, ed.), Kessel Publishing House. 326 p.
CTAF (Clean Air Task Force) (2009) Agricultural fires and Arctic climate change: A special CATF report. http://www.catf.us/resources/publications/files/Agricultural_Fires_and_Arctic_Climate_Change.pdf
Davies, M.G.; Gray, A.; Hamilton, A. & Legg, C.J. 2008. The future of fire management in the British uplands. International Journal of Biodiversity Science and Management, 4(3): 127-147.
Delabraze, P. & Valette, J.Ch. 1983. The fire, a tool for clearing the French Mediterranean forest associations. In: DFG-Symposion Feuerökologie. Symposionsbeiträge (J.G. Goldammer, ed.), 27-38. Freiburger Waldschutz-Abh. 4, Institute of Forest Zoology, Freiburg University. 301 p.
Driessen, N.; Albrech, J.; Bonn, S.; Bylebyl, K.; Poschlod, P.; Sander, U.; Sound, P. & Veith, M. 2006. Nachhaltige Entwicklung xerothermer Hanglagen am Beispiel des Mittelrheintals (Sustainable development of xerothermic hillsides in the Middle Rhine valley). Natur und Landschaft, 81: 130-137.
Faerber, J. 2008. Prescribed range burning in the Pyrenees: From a traditional practice to a modern management tool. Int. Forest Fire News, N. 38: 12-22.
FAO-GFMC. 1999. Wildland Fire Management Terminology. Update of the FAO Wildland Fire Management Terminology of 1986 (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO Forestry Paper 70, 257 p.), published online at GFMC
Fernandes, P. & Botelho, H. 2004. Analysis of the prescribed burning practice in the pine forest of northwestern Portugal. Journal of Environmental Management, 70: 15-26.
FIRESCAN Science Team. 1996. Fire in ecosystems of boreal Eurasia: The Bor Forest Island Fire Experiment, Fire Research Campaign Asia-North (FIRESCAN). Pp. 848-873. In: Levine, J.S. (Ed.) Biomass burning and global change. Vol.II. The MIT Press.
FIRESCAN Science Team (Goldammer, J.G.; Stocks, B.J.; Furyaev, V.V. & Valendik, E.N., Coord.) 2013. The Bor Forest Island Fire Experiment, Fire Research Campaign Asia-North (FIRESCAN), 149-231. In: Goldammer, J.G. (Ed.) Prescribed burning in Russia and neighbouring Temperate-boreal Eurasia. Kessel Publishing House. 326 p.
Forstzoologisches Institut. 1978. VW-Symposium Feuerökologie. Symposionsbeiträge. Freiburger Waldschutz-Abh. 1(1), 1-159. Institute for Forest Zoology.
GFMC Team. 2008. The LIFE Rohrhardsberg project: The use of Prescribed Fire in Maintaining Endangered Habitats and Landscape Feature in the Foothills of the Black Forest. Int. Forest Fire News, N. 38: 84-87.
Goldammer, J.G. 1978. Feuerökologie und Feuer-Management. Freiburger Waldschutz Abh. 1(2), 1-50. Institute for Forest Zoology, Freiburg University. Goldammer, J.G. 1979. Der Einsatz von kontrolliertem Feuer im Forstschutz. Allg. Forst-u. J. Ztg., 150: 41-44.
Goldammer, J.G. (ed.). 1983. DFG-Symposion Feuerökologie. Symposionsbeiträge. Freiburger Waldschutz-Abh. 4, 301 p.
Goldammer, J.G. (ed.) 2009. White Paper on Use of Prescribed Fire in Land Management, Nature Conservation and Forestry in Temperate-Boreal Eurasia. Results and recommendations of the Symposium on Fire Management in Cultural and Natural Landscapes, Nature Conservation and Forestry in TemperateBoreal Eurasia and members of the Eurasian Fire in Nature Conservation Network (EFNCN), Freiburg, Germany, 25-27 January 2008. Fire Ecology Research Group/ Global Fire Monitoring Center, 28 p. UNECE/ FAO International Forest Fire News, 38: 133-152.
Goldammer, J.G. (ed.) 2013a. Prescribed burning in Russia and neighbouring temperate-boreal Eurasia. A tion of the Global Fire Monitoring Center (GFMC). Kessel Publishing House. 326 p.
Goldammer, J.G. 2013b. Beyond climate change: wildland fires and human security in cultural landscapes in transition - examples from temperate-boreal Eurasia. Chapter 22. Pp. 285-311. In:
Goldammer, J.G. (Ed.) Vegetation fires and global change: challenges for concerted international action. A White Paper directed to the United Nations and International Organizations. A tion of the Global Fire Monitoring Center (GFMC). Kessel Publishing House, Remagen-Oberwinter. 398 p.
Goldammer, J.G. & V.V. Furyaev (eds.). 1996. Fire in ecosystems of boreal Eurasia. Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht, 528 p.
Goldammer, J.G.; Montag, S. & H. Page. 1997a. Nutzung des Feuers in mittel- und nordeuropäischen Landschaften. Geschichte, Methoden, Probleme, Perspektiven. Alfred Toepfer Akademie für Naturschutz, Schneverdingen, NNA-Berichte, 10(5): 18-38.
Goldammer, J.G.; Prüter, J. & Page, H. 1997b. Feuereinsatz im Naturschutz in Mitteleuropa. Ein Positionspapier. Alfred Toepfer Akademie für Naturschutz, Schneverdingen, NNA-Berichte, 10(5): 2-17.
Goldammer, J.G.; Brunn, E.; Hoffmann, G.; Keienburg, T.; Mause, R.; Page, H.; Prüter, J.; Remke, E. & Spielmann, M. 2009. Einsatz des Kontrollierten Feuers in Naturschutz, Landschaftspflege und Forstwirtschaft - Erfahrungen und Perspektiven für Deutschland. Naturschutz und Biologische Vielfalt, 73: 137-164. Goldammer, J.G. & Zibtsev, S. (eds.) 2009. Advanced Seminar "Wildfires and Human Security: Fire Management on Terrain Contaminated by Radioactivity, Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) and Land Mines", Kyiv / Chornobyl, Ukraine, 6-8 October 2009, Abstract Volume, 41p. http://www.fire.uni-freiburg.de/ GlobalNetworks/SEEurope/GFMC-CoE-OSCE-Seminar-Ukraine-Brochure-Final-06-Oct-2009.pdf
Goldammer, J.G.; Brunn, E.; Held, A.; Johst, A.; Kathke, S.; Meyer, F.; Pahl, K.; Restas, A. & Schulz, J. 2012. Kontrolliertes Brennen zur Pflege von Zwergstrauchheiden (Calluna vulgaris) auf munitionsbelasteten Flächen: Problemstellung, bisherige Erfahrungen und geplantes Vorgehen im Pilotvorhaben im Naturschutzgebiet „Heidehof-Golmberg" (Landkreis Teltow-Fläming). Naturschutz und Biologische Vielfalt, 127: 65-95.
Goudsblom, J. 1992. The civilizing process and the domestication of fire. J. World History, 3(1), 1-12.
INRA. 1988. Proceedings, International Prescribed Burning Workshop, Avignon, 14-18. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Station de Sylviculture Méditerranéenne.
Jensen, H.S. 2004. Restoration of dune habitats along the Danish west coast. Int. Forest Fire News, N. 30: 14-15.
Keienburg, T. & J. Prüter. 2006. Naturschutzgebiet Lüneburger Heide - Erhaltung und Entwicklung einer alten Kulturlandschaft. Mitteilungen aus der NNA, 17(1), 68 p.
Korontzi, S.; McCarty, J.; Loboda, T.; Kumar, S. & Justice C. 2006. Global distribution of agricultural fires in croplands from 3 years of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 20, GB2021, doi:10.1029/2005GB002529.
Kvamme, M. & Kaland, P.E. 2008. Prescribed burning of coastal heathlands in Western Norway: History and present day experiences. Int. Forest Fire News, N. 38: 35-50.
Lambert, B. 2008. Bilan et perspectives du réseau brûlage dirigé. Réseau des équipes de brûlage dirigé, SUAMME, Conservatoire de la Forêt Méditerranéenne. 32p.+CDRom.
Lázaro, A. 2008. Collection and mapping of prescribed burning practices in Europe: A first approach. Int. Forest Fire News, N. 38: 110-119.
Lovén, L. & Äänismaa, P. 2004. Planning of the sustainable slash-and-burn cultivation programme in Koli National Park, Finland. Int. Forest Fire News, N. 30: 16-21.
Lutz, P. 2008. Traditional slash-and-burn agriculture in the Black Forest: Reconstruction of burning and agricultural techniques. Paper presented at the Symposium on Fire Management in Cultural and Natural Landscapes, Nature Conservation and Forestry in Temperate-Boreal Eurasia, Freiburg, Germany, 25-27 January 2008. http://www.fire.uni-freiburg.de/programmes/natcon/ppt/23-EFNCN-2008-1- Germany-Swidden-Lutz.pdf
Mälkönen, E. & Levula, T. 1996. Impacts of prescribed burning on soil fertility and regeneration of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Pp. 453-464. In: Goldammer, J.G. & Furyaev, V.V. (Eds.), Fire in ecosystems of boreal Eurasia. Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht, 528 pp.
Mause, R. 2008. The use of prescribed fire for maintaining open Calluna Heathlands in North RhineWestphalia, Germany. Int. Forest Fire News, N. 38: 75-80.
Montiel, C.; Costa, P. & Galán, M. 2010. Overview of suppression fire policies and practices in Europe. In: Sande Silva, J.; Rego, F.; Fernandes, P. & Rigolot, E. (Eds.) Towards integrated fire management - outcomes of the european project fire paradox. European Forest Institute Research Report 23.
Naveh, Z. 1975. The evolutionary significance of fire in the Mediterranean Region. Vegetatio, 29: 199-208.
Niemeyer, F. 2004. Prescribed burning of moorlands in the Diepholzer Moorniederung, Lower Saxony State, Germany. Int. Forest Fire News, N. 30: 43-44.
Page, H. & Goldammer, J.G. 2004. Prescribed burning in landscape management and nature conservation: the first long-term pilot project in Germany in the Kaiserstuhl Viticulture Area, Baden-Württemberg, Germany Int. Forest Fire News, N. 30: 49-58.
Viro, P.J. 1974. Effects of forest fire on soil. In: Fire and ecosystems (T.T. Kozlowski and C.E. Ahlgren, eds.), 7-45. Academic Press, New York.
Vogels, J. 2008. Fire as a restoration tool in the Netherlands - first results from Dutch dune areas indicate potential pitfalls and possibilities. Int. Forest Fire News, N. 38: 23-35
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Biodiversidade Brasileira - BioBrasil
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Os artigos estão licenciados sob uma licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). O acesso é livre e gratuito para download e leitura, ou seja, é permitido copiar e redistribuir o material em qualquer mídia ou formato.
