Gestión del turismo y de la biodiversidad en áreas protegidas:
una revisión sistemática internacional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v15i1.2682Palabras clave:
Áreas protegidas , visita , naturaliza , monitoreoResumen
Las áreas protegidas son ampliamente reconocidas como una de las principales estrategias para la conservación de especies y ecosistemas, así como por ser lugares privilegiados para el turismo y la recreación en la naturaleza. Sin embargo, si la relación entre el turismo y la conservación no se monitorea y gestiona adecuadamente, tanto los valores del turismo como los de la biodiversidad pueden perderse. Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo recopilar información disponible sobre la gestión del turismo sostenible y la conservación de la biodiversidad en áreas protegidas, además de buscar oportunidades de investigación. Adicionalmente, buscamos en la literatura seleccionada evidencia de que el turismo contribuye a la conservación de la naturaleza y de que el monitoreo de la biodiversidad se realiza de manera rutinaria en las áreas protegidas. Utilizando el protocolo PRISMA como orientación, a partir de 73 registros recuperados del Portal de Periódicos de Capes , se seleccionaron 27 artículos científicos revisados por pares em Inglés para el análisis. Los resultados mostraron que, a pesar de que el 52 % de los artículos analizados presentaron una visión positiva de la relación entre el turismo y la conservación de la naturaleza, solo el 33 % proporcionaron evidencia. Ninguno de los artículos utilizó o mencionó datos de monitoreo de las áreas protegidas en sus estudios. Entre las oportunidades de investigación identificadas, destacamos la ciencia ciudadana como una posibilidad para viabilizar el monitoreo tanto de la biodiversidad como de los impactos ecológicos del turismo en las áreas protegidas. El estudio indica limitaciones en la gestión de las áreas protegidas y sugiere estrategias para asegurar que el turismo en estas áreas sea realmente sostenible.
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